Damages that, by statute, are twice the amount that the fact-finder determines is owed or twice the amount of actual damages awarded. • In some cases, double damages are awarded in addition to actual damages, so the effect is the same as treble damages. [Cases: Damages 227. C.J.S. Damages §§ 218–219, 383.]
double damages 双倍损害赔偿金 指由制定法规定的一种损害赔偿金，其数量为陪审团等事实调查人〔fact-finder〕所确定之到期债权或实际损失的两倍。在某些案件中，法院判决于实际的损害赔偿金之外再支付双倍损害赔偿金，所以其效果实际等同于三倍损害赔偿金〔treble damages〕。
Statutory damages (such as double or treble damages) that are a multiple of the amount that the fact-finder determines to be owed. — Also termed multiplied damages. See double damages; treble damages. [Cases: Damages 227. C.J.S. Damages §§ 218–219, 383.]
in duplo (in d[y]oo-ploh), adv. & adj.[Law Latin] Hist. In double. • This term appeared in phrases such as damna in duplo (“double damages”). — Also termed (in Roman law) in duplum.
duplum (d[y]oo-pl[schwa]m). [Latin] Roman & civil law. Double the price of something; esp., a measure of damages equal to double a thing’s value. • This measure was used for certain delicts. Cf. SIMPLUM.
election of remedies. 1. A claimant’s act of choosing between two or more concurrent but inconsistent remedies based on a single set of facts. [Cases: Election of Remedies 1. C.J.S. Election of Remedies §§ 2–3.] 2. The affirmative defense barring a litigant from pursuing a remedy inconsistent with another remedy already pursued, when that other
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term of art 特定术语；特定用语 某一用语在特定的语境下有特殊的含义，法律领域中使用大量的特定用语。如「double jeopardy」在普通用法中指导致双重风险的情势，而在法律中则指同一罪行不受两次审判。将某一用语归入特定用语的行列将会产生法律上的后果，如美国联邦最高法院就曾通过将出院后的治疗费和受害人因公共医疗机构的疏忽而导致的严重脑损伤以及随之而来的对未来生活能力的丧失的补偿解释为对当事人的补偿〔compensation〕，而不是对州政府的惩罚〔punitive damage〕——因为这为制定法所禁止，从而判决州政府对当事人作出高额赔偿而不仅限于住院期间的治疗费用。 (→punitive damages)
in quibus infitiando lis crescit (in kwib-[schwa]s in-fish-ee-an-doh lis kres-it). [Latin] Roman law. In which the suit increases by denial. • The phrase appeared in reference to the measure of damages in a legal action when, if the defendant wrongfully denied a claim for damages, the defendant could be penalized by a multiple of the
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